Mastery of distributed systems (consensus, replication, consistency, performance) Proven track record of architecting and delivering large-scale data or compute systems Expertise with columnar formats and low-level data representation techniques Deep production experience with Spark, Flink, or next-generation compute frameworks Fluency in Java, Rust, Go, or C++ Demonstrated leadership (mentoring, influencing architecture, scaling technical excellence) Systems intuition rooted in theory (compression, entropy, information efficiency)